Contextualization of Voice Inputs

ABSTRACT

Disclosed herein are example techniques to provide contextual information corresponding to a voice command. An example implementation may involve receiving voice data indicating a voice command, receiving contextual information indicating a characteristic of the voice command, and determining a device operation corresponding to the voice command. Determining the device operation corresponding to the voice command may include identifying, among multiple zones of a media playback system, a zone that corresponds to the characteristic of the voice command, and determining that the voice command corresponds to one or more particular devices that are associated with the identified zone. The example implementation may further involve causing the one or more particular devices to perform the device operation.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and is acontinuation of, U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No.16/192,126, filed on Nov. 15, 2018, entitled “Contextualization of VoiceInputs,” which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

U.S. non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 16/192,126 claimspriority under 35 U.S.C. § 120 to, and is a continuation of, U.S.non-provisional patent application Ser. No. 15/211,689, filed on Jul.15, 2016, entitled “Contextualization of Voice Inputs,” and issued asU.S. Pat. No. 10,134,399 on Nov. 20, 2018, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety.

The present application incorporates herein by reference the entirecontents of (i) U.S. application Ser. No. 15/098,867, filed Apr. 14,2016, titled “Default Playback Device Designation”; and (ii) U.S.application Ser. No. 15/131,244, filed Apr. 18, 2016, titled “Metadataexchange involving a networked playback system and a networkedmicrophone system.”

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

The disclosure is related to consumer goods and, more particularly, tomethods, systems, products, features, services, and other elementsdirected to media playback or some aspect thereof.

BACKGROUND

Options for accessing and listening to digital audio in an out-loudsetting were limited until in 2003, when SONOS, Inc. filed for one ofits first patent applications, entitled “Method for Synchronizing AudioPlayback between Multiple Networked Devices,” and began offering a mediaplayback system for sale in 2005. The Sonos Wireless HiFi System enablespeople to experience music from many sources via one or more networkedplayback devices. Through a software control application installed on asmartphone, tablet, or computer, one can play what he or she wants inany room that has a networked playback device. Additionally, using thecontroller, for example, different songs can be streamed to each roomwith a playback device, rooms can be grouped together for synchronousplayback, or the same song can be heard in all rooms synchronously.

Given the ever growing interest in digital media, there continues to bea need to develop consumer-accessible technologies to further enhancethe listening experience.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Features, aspects, and advantages of the presently disclosed technologymay be better understood with regard to the following description,appended claims, and accompanying drawings where:

FIG. 1 shows an example media playback system configuration in whichcertain embodiments may be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device;

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device;

FIG. 4 shows an example controller interface;

FIG. 5 shows an example plurality of network devices;

FIG. 6 shows a functional block diagram of an example network microphonedevice;

FIG. 7 shows a technique according to example embodiments.

The drawings are for the purpose of illustrating example embodiments,but it is understood that the inventions are not limited to thearrangements and instrumentality shown in the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION I. Overview

Listening to media content out loud can be a social activity thatinvolves family, friends, and guests. Media content may include, forinstance, talk radio, books, audio from television, music stored on alocal drive, music from media sources (e.g., Pandora® Radio, Spotify®,Slacker®, Radio, Google Play™, iTunes Radio), and other audiblematerial. In a household, for example, people may play music out loud atparties and other social gatherings. In such an environment, people maywish to play the music in one listening zone or multiple listening zonessimultaneously, such that the music in each listening zone may besynchronized, without audible echoes or glitches.

Such an experience may be enriched when voice commands are used tocontrol an audio playback device or system, among other devices in ahousehold (e.g., lights). For example, a user may wish to change theaudio content, playlist, or listening zone, add a music track to aplaylist or playback queue, or change a playback setting (e.g., play,pause, next track, previous track, playback volume, and EQ settings,among others) using various voice commands. Some example audio playbackdevices or systems may include a microphone to detect such voicecommands.

In some cases, listening to media content out loud is an individualexperience. For example, an individual may play music out loud forthemselves in the morning before work, during a workout, in the eveningduring dinner, or at other times throughout the day at home or at work.For these individual experiences, the individual may choose to limit theplayback of audio content to a single listening zone or area. Such anexperience may be enriched when an individual can use a voice command tochoose a listening zone, audio content, and playback settings, amongother settings.

In some instances, multiple networked microphone devices (NMDs) may beused to control a household. An NMD may be, for example, a SONOS®playback device, server, or system capable of receiving voice inputs viaa microphone. Additionally, an NMD may be a device other than a SONOS®playback device, server, or system (e.g., AMAZON® ECHO®, APPLE® IPHONE®)capable of receiving voice inputs via a microphone. U.S. applicationSer. No. 15/098,867 entitled, “Default Playback Device Designation,”which is hereby incorporated by reference, provides examples ofvoice-enabled household architectures.

In such a household in which multiple NMDs are present, contextualizingvoice inputs received at a given NMD may further enhance a user'sexperience. In some examples, voice inputs may be received by one ormore NMDs and then processed locally at the NMD or remotely on anotherdevice that is connected to the NMD by way of one or more networks. Inone example, a single NMD may receive and process a particular voiceinput (e.g., a particular NMD to which the particular voice input wasdirected, and/or an NMD possessing the highest fidelity recording of thevoice input). In further examples, multiple NMDs may receive and relaythe voice inputs for processing. The one or more NMDs that receive anddrive the actual voice processing are referred to herein as the“processing NMD(s).” In some instances, no actual processing may need tobe performed by a processing NMD itself. Rather, a processing NMD mayinteract with one or more other devices or servers described herein todrive the voice processing.

In some embodiments, a processing NMD may be an NMD that might not haveawareness of the zones within a household. For example, the processingNMD might not be able determine the actual or relative location (e.g.,living room, bedroom, corner of a bedroom, etc) that a given voice inputor command was recorded. Other NMDs present in the household may record,or otherwise be capable of recording, some aspect of a voice input andsending the recording to the processing NMD. The one or more NMD(s) thatare not necessarily processing NMD(s) but that nonetheless are capableof recording some aspect of a voice input are referred to herein as“contextual NMD(s).” As further described herein, contextual NMDs mayprovide contextual information indicating a characteristic of a voiceinput that may improve the voice input received by processing NMDs.

In alternative embodiments, a processing NMD may have at least some zoneawareness. According to this embodiment, the processing NMD may be amicrophone-equipped playback device such as a Sonos® playback device.The processing NMD may be able to determine the actual or relativelocation of where a voice input or command was recorded. Additionally,the processing NMD may be capable of receiving voice data fromcontextual NMDs to help further determine and/or refine its conceptionof the actual or relative location of where a voice input or command wasrecorded. Example scenarios are further described herein.

Within examples, a processing NMD may receive voice data indicating avoice command. For instance, the processing NMD may receive voice datavia a microphone of the processing NMD. In other examples, theprocessing NMD may receive voice data via a network interface of theprocessing NMD.

In further examples, the processing NMD may receive contextualinformation indicating a characteristic of the voice command. Examplecharacteristics of a given voice command may include, among otherexamples, one or more of: the zone in which the voice command wasrecorded (e.g., a living room or bedroom), the actual location of wherethe voice command was received (e.g., a particular corner of the livingroom), or relative magnitudes of the voice command as perceived by oneor more devices or servers, which the processing NMD may then use toinfer a relative location.

Contextual information indicating a characteristic of the voice commandprovides, as one possible benefit, location of a user or a particulardevice within a household, which may supplement the voice data recordedby a processing NMD. The processing NMD may receive such contextualinformation via a network interface from any one or a combination of thedevices and/or servers described herein.

In some implementations, the processing NMD may determine a deviceoperation corresponding to a given voice command. Determining a deviceoperation may include identifying a playback zone that corresponds tothe characteristic of the voice command, and determining that the voicecommand corresponds to one or more particular devices that areassociated with the identified zone. In some embodiments, the processingNMD may independently determine the device operation corresponding tothe voice command. Alternatively, any one or a combination of thedevices or servers described herein may determine the device operationcorresponding to the voice command.

In further implementations, the processing NMD may cause one or moreparticular devices to perform the device operation. For example, theprocessing NMD may receive a voice command to play a particular song inthe living room. In response, the processing NMD may cause one or moreplayback devices in the living room to play the particular song. Inanother example, the processing NMD may receive a voice command to turnthe lights on in the kitchen. In response, the processing NMD may causeone or more illumination devices or components to turn on. As morehousehold devices become “smart” (e.g., by incorporating a networkinterface), possible device operations may expand to control thesehousehold devices.

While some examples described herein may refer to functions performed bygiven actors such as “users” and/or other entities, it should beunderstood that this is for purposes of explanation only. The claimsshould not be interpreted to require action by any such example actorunless explicitly required by the language of the claims themselves. Itwill be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that thisdisclosure includes numerous other embodiments. Moreover, the examplesdescribed herein may extend to a multitude of embodiments formed bycombining the example features in any suitable manner.

II. Example Operating Environment

FIG. 1 shows an example configuration of a media playback system 100 inwhich one or more embodiments disclosed herein may be practiced orimplemented. The media playback system 100 as shown is associated withan example home environment having several rooms and spaces, such as forexample, a master bedroom, an office, a dining room, and a living room.As shown in the example of FIG. 1, the media playback system 100includes playback devices 102-124, control devices 126 and 128, and awired or wireless network router 130.

Further discussions relating to the different components of the examplemedia playback system 100 and how the different components may interactto provide a user with a media experience may be found in the followingsections. While discussions herein may generally refer to the examplemedia playback system 100, technologies described herein are not limitedto applications within, among other things, the home environment asshown in FIG. 1. For instance, the technologies described herein may beuseful in environments where multi-zone audio may be desired, such as,for example, a commercial setting like a restaurant, mall or airport, avehicle like a sports utility vehicle (SUV), bus or car, a ship or boat,an airplane, and so on.

a. Example Playback Devices

FIG. 2 shows a functional block diagram of an example playback device200 that may be configured to be one or more of the playback devices102-124 of the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1. The playback device200 may include a processor 202, software components 204, memory 206,audio processing components 208, audio amplifier(s) 210, speaker(s) 212,a network interface 214 including wireless interface(s) 216 and wiredinterface(s) 218, and microphone(s) 220. In one case, the playbackdevice 200 may not include the speaker(s) 212, but rather a speakerinterface for connecting the playback device 200 to external speakers.In another case, the playback device 200 may include neither thespeaker(s) 212 nor the audio amplifier(s) 210, but rather an audiointerface for connecting the playback device 200 to an external audioamplifier or audio-visual receiver.

In one example, the processor 202 may be a clock-driven computingcomponent configured to process input data according to instructionsstored in the memory 206. The memory 206 may be a tangiblecomputer-readable medium configured to store instructions executable bythe processor 202. For instance, the memory 206 may be data storage thatcan be loaded with one or more of the software components 204 executableby the processor 202 to achieve certain functions. In one example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 retrieving audio data froman audio source or another playback device. In another example, thefunctions may involve the playback device 200 sending audio data toanother device or playback device on a network. In yet another example,the functions may involve pairing of the playback device 200 with one ormore playback devices to create a multi-channel audio environment.

Certain functions may involve the playback device 200 synchronizingplayback of audio content with one or more other playback devices.During synchronous playback, a listener will preferably not be able toperceive time-delay differences between playback of the audio content bythe playback device 200 and the one or more other playback devices. U.S.Pat. No. 8,234,395 entitled, “System and method for synchronizingoperations among a plurality of independently clocked digital dataprocessing devices,” which is hereby incorporated by reference, providesin more detail some examples for audio playback synchronization amongplayback devices.

The memory 206 may further be configured to store data associated withthe playback device 200, such as one or more zones and/or zone groupsthe playback device 200 is a part of, audio sources accessible by theplayback device 200, or a playback queue that the playback device 200(or some other playback device) may be associated with. The data may bestored as one or more state variables that are periodically updated andused to describe the state of the playback device 200. The memory 206may also include the data associated with the state of the other devicesof the media system, and shared from time to time among the devices sothat one or more of the devices have the most recent data associatedwith the system. Other embodiments are also possible.

The audio processing components 208 may include one or moredigital-to-analog converters (DAC), an audio preprocessing component, anaudio enhancement component or a digital signal processor (DSP), and soon. In one embodiment, one or more of the audio processing components208 may be a subcomponent of the processor 202. In one example, audiocontent may be processed and/or intentionally altered by the audioprocessing components 208 to produce audio signals. The produced audiosignals may then be provided to the audio amplifier(s) 210 foramplification and playback through speaker(s) 212. Particularly, theaudio amplifier(s) 210 may include devices configured to amplify audiosignals to a level for driving one or more of the speakers 212. Thespeaker(s) 212 may include an individual transducer (e.g., a “driver”)or a complete speaker system involving an enclosure with one or moredrivers. A particular driver of the speaker(s) 212 may include, forexample, a subwoofer (e.g., for low frequencies), a mid-range driver(e.g., for middle frequencies), and/or a tweeter (e.g., for highfrequencies). In some cases, each transducer in the one or more speakers212 may be driven by an individual corresponding audio amplifier of theaudio amplifier(s) 210. In addition to producing analog signals forplayback by the playback device 200, the audio processing components 208may be configured to process audio content to be sent to one or moreother playback devices for playback.

Audio content to be processed and/or played back by the playback device200 may be received from an external source, such as via an audioline-in input connection (e.g., an auto-detecting 3.5 mm audio line-inconnection) or the network interface 214.

The network interface 214 may be configured to facilitate a data flowbetween the playback device 200 and one or more other devices on a datanetwork. As such, the playback device 200 may be configured to receiveaudio content over the data network from one or more other playbackdevices in communication with the playback device 200, network deviceswithin a local area network, or audio content sources over a wide areanetwork such as the Internet. In one example, the audio content andother signals transmitted and received by the playback device 200 may betransmitted in the form of digital packet data containing an InternetProtocol (IP)-based source address and IP-based destination addresses.In such a case, the network interface 214 may be configured to parse thedigital packet data such that the data destined for the playback device200 is properly received and processed by the playback device 200.

As shown, the network interface 214 may include wireless interface(s)216 and wired interface(s) 218. The wireless interface(s) 216 mayprovide network interface functions for the playback device 200 towirelessly communicate with other devices (e.g., other playbackdevice(s), speaker(s), receiver(s), network device(s), control device(s)within a data network the playback device 200 is associated with) inaccordance with a communication protocol (e.g., any wireless standardincluding IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4Gmobile communication standard, and so on). The wired interface(s) 218may provide network interface functions for the playback device 200 tocommunicate over a wired connection with other devices in accordancewith a communication protocol (e.g., IEEE 802.3). While the networkinterface 214 shown in FIG. 2 includes both wireless interface(s) 216and wired interface(s) 218, the network interface 214 may in someembodiments include only wireless interface(s) or only wiredinterface(s).

The microphone(s) 220 may be arranged to detect sound in the environmentof the playback device 200. For instance, the microphone(s) may bemounted on an exterior wall of a housing of the playback device. Themicrophone(s) may be any type of microphone now known or later developedsuch as a condenser microphone, electret condenser microphone, or adynamic microphone. The microphone(s) may be sensitive to a portion ofthe frequency range of the speaker(s) 220. One or more of the speaker(s)220 may operate in reverse as the microphone(s) 220. In some aspects,the playback device 200 might not include the microphone(s) 220.

In one example, the playback device 200 and one other playback devicemay be paired to play two separate audio components of audio content.For instance, playback device 200 may be configured to play a leftchannel audio component, while the other playback device may beconfigured to play a right channel audio component, thereby producing orenhancing a stereo effect of the audio content. The paired playbackdevices (also referred to as “bonded playback devices”) may further playaudio content in synchrony with other playback devices.

In another example, the playback device 200 may be sonicallyconsolidated with one or more other playback devices to form a single,consolidated playback device. A consolidated playback device may beconfigured to process and reproduce sound differently than anunconsolidated playback device or playback devices that are paired,because a consolidated playback device may have additional speakerdrivers through which audio content may be rendered. For instance, ifthe playback device 200 is a playback device designed to render lowfrequency range audio content (i.e. a subwoofer), the playback device200 may be consolidated with a playback device designed to render fullfrequency range audio content. In such a case, the full frequency rangeplayback device, when consolidated with the low frequency playbackdevice 200, may be configured to render only the mid and high frequencycomponents of audio content, while the low frequency range playbackdevice 200 renders the low frequency component of the audio content. Theconsolidated playback device may further be paired with a singleplayback device or yet another consolidated playback device.

By way of illustration, SONOS, Inc. presently offers (or has offered)for sale certain playback devices including a “PLAY:1,” “PLAY:3,”“PLAY:5,” “PLAYBAR,” “CONNECT:AMP,” “CONNECT,” and “SUB.” Any otherpast, present, and/or future playback devices may additionally oralternatively be used to implement the playback devices of exampleembodiments disclosed herein. Additionally, it is understood that aplayback device is not limited to the example illustrated in FIG. 2 orto the SONOS product offerings. For example, a playback device mayinclude a wired or wireless headphone. In another example, a playbackdevice may include or interact with a docking station for personalmobile media playback devices. In yet another example, a playback devicemay be integral to another device or component such as a television, alighting fixture, or some other device for indoor or outdoor use.

b. Example Playback Zone Configurations

Referring back to the media playback system 100 of FIG. 1, theenvironment may have one or more playback zones, each with one or moreplayback devices. The media playback system 100 may be established withone or more playback zones, after which one or more zones may be added,or removed to arrive at the example configuration shown in FIG. 1. Eachzone may be given a name according to a different room or space such asan office, bathroom, master bedroom, bedroom, kitchen, dining room,living room, and/or balcony. In one case, a single playback zone mayinclude multiple rooms or spaces. In another case, a single room orspace may include multiple playback zones.

As shown in FIG. 1, the balcony, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, office,and bedroom zones each have one playback device, while the living roomand master bedroom zones each have multiple playback devices. In theliving room zone, playback devices 104, 106, 108, and 110 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as one or more bonded playback devices, as one or moreconsolidated playback devices, or any combination thereof. Similarly, inthe case of the master bedroom, playback devices 122 and 124 may beconfigured to play audio content in synchrony as individual playbackdevices, as a bonded playback device, or as a consolidated playbackdevice.

In one example, one or more playback zones in the environment of FIG. 1may each be playing different audio content. For instance, the user maybe grilling in the balcony zone and listening to hip hop music beingplayed by the playback device 102 while another user may be preparingfood in the kitchen zone and listening to classical music being playedby the playback device 114. In another example, a playback zone may playthe same audio content in synchrony with another playback zone. Forinstance, the user may be in the office zone where the playback device118 is playing the same rock music that is being playing by playbackdevice 102 in the balcony zone. In such a case, playback devices 102 and118 may be playing the rock music in synchrony such that the user mayseamlessly (or at least substantially seamlessly) enjoy the audiocontent that is being played out-loud while moving between differentplayback zones. Synchronization among playback zones may be achieved ina manner similar to that of synchronization among playback devices, asdescribed in previously referenced U.S. Pat. No. 8,234,395.

As suggested above, the zone configurations of the media playback system100 may be dynamically modified, and in some embodiments, the mediaplayback system 100 supports numerous configurations. For instance, if auser physically moves one or more playback devices to or from a zone,the media playback system 100 may be reconfigured to accommodate thechange(s). For instance, if the user physically moves the playbackdevice 102 from the balcony zone to the office zone, the office zone maynow include both the playback device 118 and the playback device 102.The playback device 102 may be paired or grouped with the office zoneand/or renamed if so desired via a control device such as the controldevices 126 and 128. On the other hand, if the one or more playbackdevices are moved to a particular area in the home environment that isnot already a playback zone, a new playback zone may be created for theparticular area.

Further, different playback zones of the media playback system 100 maybe dynamically combined into zone groups or split up into individualplayback zones. For instance, the dining room zone and the kitchen zone114 may be combined into a zone group for a dinner party such thatplayback devices 112 and 114 may render audio content in synchrony. Onthe other hand, the living room zone may be split into a television zoneincluding playback device 104, and a listening zone including playbackdevices 106, 108, and 110, if the user wishes to listen to music in theliving room space while another user wishes to watch television.

c. Example Control Devices

FIG. 3 shows a functional block diagram of an example control device 300that may be configured to be one or both of the control devices 126 and128 of the media playback system 100. As shown, the control device 300may include a processor 302, memory 304, a network interface 306, a userinterface 308, microphone(s) 310, and software components 312. In oneexample, the control device 300 may be a dedicated controller for themedia playback system 100. In another example, the control device 300may be a network device on which media playback system controllerapplication software may be installed, such as for example, an iPhone™,iPad™ or any other smart phone, tablet or network device (e.g., anetworked computer such as a PC or Mac™)

The processor 302 may be configured to perform functions relevant tofacilitating user access, control, and configuration of the mediaplayback system 100. The memory 304 may be data storage that can beloaded with one or more of the software components executable by theprocessor 302 to perform those functions. The memory 304 may also beconfigured to store the media playback system controller applicationsoftware and other data associated with the media playback system 100and the user.

In one example, the network interface 306 may be based on an industrystandard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standards including IEEE 802.3,wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n,802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communication standard, and so on). Thenetwork interface 306 may provide a means for the control device 300 tocommunicate with other devices in the media playback system 100. In oneexample, data and information (e.g., such as a state variable) may becommunicated between control device 300 and other devices via thenetwork interface 306. For instance, playback zone and zone groupconfigurations in the media playback system 100 may be received by thecontrol device 300 from a playback device or another network device, ortransmitted by the control device 300 to another playback device ornetwork device via the network interface 306. In some cases, the othernetwork device may be another control device.

Playback device control commands such as volume control and audioplayback control may also be communicated from the control device 300 toa playback device via the network interface 306. As suggested above,changes to configurations of the media playback system 100 may also beperformed by a user using the control device 300. The configurationchanges may include adding/removing one or more playback devices to/froma zone, adding/removing one or more zones to/from a zone group, forminga bonded or consolidated player, separating one or more playback devicesfrom a bonded or consolidated player, among others. Accordingly, thecontrol device 300 may sometimes be referred to as a controller, whetherthe control device 300 is a dedicated controller or a network device onwhich media playback system controller application software isinstalled.

Control device 300 may include microphone(s) 310. Microphone(s) 310 maybe arranged to detect sound in the environment of the control device300. Microphone(s) 310 may be any type of microphone now known or laterdeveloped such as a condenser microphone, electret condenser microphone,or a dynamic microphone. The microphone(s) may be sensitive to a portionof a frequency range. Two or more microphones 310 may be arranged tocapture location information of an audio source (e.g., voice, audiblesound) and/or to assist in filtering background noise.

The user interface 308 of the control device 300 may be configured tofacilitate user access and control of the media playback system 100, byproviding a controller interface such as the controller interface 400shown in FIG. 4. The controller interface 400 includes a playbackcontrol region 410, a playback zone region 420, a playback status region430, a playback queue region 440, and an audio content sources region450. The user interface 400 as shown is just one example of a userinterface that may be provided on a network device such as the controldevice 300 of FIG. 3 (and/or the control devices 126 and 128 of FIG. 1)and accessed by users to control a media playback system such as themedia playback system 100. Other user interfaces of varying formats,styles, and interactive sequences may alternatively be implemented onone or more network devices to provide comparable control access to amedia playback system.

The playback control region 410 may include selectable (e.g., by way oftouch or by using a cursor) icons to cause playback devices in aselected playback zone or zone group to play or pause, fast forward,rewind, skip to next, skip to previous, enter/exit shuffle mode,enter/exit repeat mode, enter/exit cross fade mode. The playback controlregion 410 may also include selectable icons to modify equalizationsettings, and playback volume, among other possibilities.

The playback zone region 420 may include representations of playbackzones within the media playback system 100. In some embodiments, thegraphical representations of playback zones may be selectable to bringup additional selectable icons to manage or configure the playback zonesin the media playback system, such as a creation of bonded zones,creation of zone groups, separation of zone groups, and renaming of zonegroups, among other possibilities.

For example, as shown, a “group” icon may be provided within each of thegraphical representations of playback zones. The “group” icon providedwithin a graphical representation of a particular zone may be selectableto bring up options to select one or more other zones in the mediaplayback system to be grouped with the particular zone. Once grouped,playback devices in the zones that have been grouped with the particularzone will be configured to play audio content in synchrony with theplayback device(s) in the particular zone. Analogously, a “group” iconmay be provided within a graphical representation of a zone group. Inthis case, the “group” icon may be selectable to bring up options todeselect one or more zones in the zone group to be removed from the zonegroup. Other interactions and implementations for grouping andungrouping zones via a user interface such as the user interface 400 arealso possible. The representations of playback zones in the playbackzone region 420 may be dynamically updated as playback zone or zonegroup configurations are modified.

The playback status region 430 may include graphical representations ofaudio content that is presently being played, previously played, orscheduled to play next in the selected playback zone or zone group. Theselected playback zone or zone group may be visually distinguished onthe user interface, such as within the playback zone region 420 and/orthe playback status region 430. The graphical representations mayinclude track title, artist name, album name, album year, track length,and other relevant information that may be useful for the user to knowwhen controlling the media playback system via the user interface 400.

The playback queue region 440 may include graphical representations ofaudio content in a playback queue associated with the selected playbackzone or zone group. In some embodiments, each playback zone or zonegroup may be associated with a playback queue containing informationcorresponding to zero or more audio items for playback by the playbackzone or zone group. For instance, each audio item in the playback queuemay comprise a uniform resource identifier (URI), a uniform resourcelocator (URL) or some other identifier that may be used by a playbackdevice in the playback zone or zone group to find and/or retrieve theaudio item from a local audio content source or a networked audiocontent source, possibly for playback by the playback device.

In one example, a playlist may be added to a playback queue, in whichcase information corresponding to each audio item in the playlist may beadded to the playback queue. In another example, audio items in aplayback queue may be saved as a playlist. In a further example, aplayback queue may be empty, or populated but “not in use” when theplayback zone or zone group is playing continuously streaming audiocontent, such as Internet radio that may continue to play untilotherwise stopped, rather than discrete audio items that have playbackdurations. In an alternative embodiment, a playback queue can includeInternet radio and/or other streaming audio content items and be “inuse” when the playback zone or zone group is playing those items. Otherexamples are also possible.

When playback zones or zone groups are “grouped” or “ungrouped,”playback queues associated with the affected playback zones or zonegroups may be cleared or re-associated. For example, if a first playbackzone including a first playback queue is grouped with a second playbackzone including a second playback queue, the established zone group mayhave an associated playback queue that is initially empty, that containsaudio items from the first playback queue (such as if the secondplayback zone was added to the first playback zone), that contains audioitems from the second playback queue (such as if the first playback zonewas added to the second playback zone), or a combination of audio itemsfrom both the first and second playback queues. Subsequently, if theestablished zone group is ungrouped, the resulting first playback zonemay be re-associated with the previous first playback queue, or beassociated with a new playback queue that is empty or contains audioitems from the playback queue associated with the established zone groupbefore the established zone group was ungrouped. Similarly, theresulting second playback zone may be re-associated with the previoussecond playback queue, or be associated with a new playback queue thatis empty, or contains audio items from the playback queue associatedwith the established zone group before the established zone group wasungrouped. Other examples are also possible.

Referring back to the user interface 400 of FIG. 4, the graphicalrepresentations of audio content in the playback queue region 440 mayinclude track titles, artist names, track lengths, and other relevantinformation associated with the audio content in the playback queue. Inone example, graphical representations of audio content may beselectable to bring up additional selectable icons to manage and/ormanipulate the playback queue and/or audio content represented in theplayback queue. For instance, a represented audio content may be removedfrom the playback queue, moved to a different position within theplayback queue, or selected to be played immediately, or after anycurrently playing audio content, among other possibilities. A playbackqueue associated with a playback zone or zone group may be stored in amemory on one or more playback devices in the playback zone or zonegroup, on a playback device that is not in the playback zone or zonegroup, and/or some other designated device.

The audio content sources region 450 may include graphicalrepresentations of selectable audio content sources from which audiocontent may be retrieved and played by the selected playback zone orzone group. Discussions pertaining to audio content sources may be foundin the following section.

d. Example Audio Content Sources

As indicated previously, one or more playback devices in a zone or zonegroup may be configured to retrieve for playback audio content (e.g.according to a corresponding URI or URL for the audio content) from avariety of available audio content sources. In one example, audiocontent may be retrieved by a playback device directly from acorresponding audio content source (e.g., a line-in connection). Inanother example, audio content may be provided to a playback device overa network via one or more other playback devices or network devices.

Example audio content sources may include a memory of one or moreplayback devices in a media playback system such as the media playbacksystem 100 of FIG. 1, local music libraries on one or more networkdevices (such as a control device, a network-enabled personal computer,or a networked-attached storage (NAS), for example), streaming audioservices providing audio content via the Internet (e.g., the cloud), oraudio sources connected to the media playback system via a line-in inputconnection on a playback device or network devise, among otherpossibilities.

In some embodiments, audio content sources may be regularly added orremoved from a media playback system such as the media playback system100 of FIG. 1. In one example, an indexing of audio items may beperformed whenever one or more audio content sources are added, removedor updated. Indexing of audio items may involve scanning foridentifiable audio items in all folders/directory shared over a networkaccessible by playback devices in the media playback system, andgenerating or updating an audio content database containing metadata(e.g., title, artist, album, track length, among others) and otherassociated information, such as a URI or URL for each identifiable audioitem found. Other examples for managing and maintaining audio contentsources may also be possible.

The above discussions relating to playback devices, controller devices,playback zone configurations, and media content sources provide onlysome examples of operating environments within which functions andmethods described below may be implemented. Other operating environmentsand configurations of media playback systems, playback devices, andnetwork devices not explicitly described herein may also be applicableand suitable for implementation of the functions and methods.

e. Example Plurality of Networked Devices

FIG. 5 shows an example plurality of devices 500 that may be configuredto provide an audio playback experience based on voice control. Onehaving ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the devices shownin FIG. 5 are for illustrative purposes only, and variations includingdifferent and/or additional devices may be possible. As shown, theplurality of devices 500 includes computing devices 504, 506, and 508;network microphone devices (NMDs) 512, 514, and 516; playback devices(PBDs) 532, 534, 536, and 538; and a controller device (CR) 522.

Each of the plurality of devices 500 may be network-capable devices thatcan establish communication with one or more other devices in theplurality of devices according to one or more network protocols, such asNFC, Bluetooth, Ethernet, and IEEE 802.11, among other examples, overone or more types of networks, such as wide area networks (WAN), localarea networks (LAN), and personal area networks (PAN), among otherpossibilities.

As shown, the computing devices 504, 506, and 508 may be part of a cloudnetwork 502. The cloud network 502 may include additional computingdevices. In one example, the computing devices 504, 506, and 508 may bedifferent servers. In another example, two or more of the computingdevices 504, 506, and 508 may be modules of a single server.Analogously, each of the computing device 504, 506, and 508 may includeone or more modules or servers. For ease of illustration purposesherein, each of the computing devices 504, 506, and 508 may beconfigured to perform particular functions within the cloud network 502.For instance, computing device 508 may be a source of audio content fora streaming music service.

As shown, the computing device 504 may be configured to interface withNMDs 512, 514, and 516 via communication path 542. NMDs 512, 514, and516 may be components of one or more “Smart Home” systems. In one case,NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be physically distributed throughout ahousehold, similar to the distribution of devices shown in FIG. 1. Inanother case, two or more of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may bephysically positioned within relative close proximity of one another.Communication path 542 may comprise one or more types of networks, suchas a WAN including the Internet, LAN, and/or PAN, among otherpossibilities.

In one example, one or more of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be devicesconfigured primarily for audio detection. In another example, one ormore of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be components of devices havingvarious primary utilities. For instance, as discussed above inconnection to FIGS. 2 and 3, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and 516 maybe the microphone(s) 220 of playback device 200 or the microphone(s) 310of network device 300. Further, in some cases, one or more of NMDs 512,514, and 516 may be the playback device 200 or network device 300. In anexample, one or more of NMDs 512, 514, and/or 516 may include multiplemicrophones arranged in a microphone array.

As shown, the computing device 506 may be configured to interface withCR 522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 via communication path 544. Inone example, CR 522 may be a network device such as the network device200 of FIG. 2. Accordingly, CR 522 may be configured to provide thecontroller interface 400 of FIG. 4. Similarly, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and538 may be playback devices such as the playback device 300 of FIG. 3.As such, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be physically distributedthroughout a household as shown in FIG. 1. For illustration purposes,PBDs 536 and 538 may be part of a bonded zone 530, while PBDs 532 and534 may be part of their own respective zones. As described above, thePBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be dynamically bonded, grouped,unbonded, and ungrouped. Communication path 544 may comprise one or moretypes of networks, such as a WAN including the Internet, LAN, and/orPAN, among other possibilities.

In one example, as with NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR522 and PBDs 532, 534,536, and 538 may also be components of one or more “Smart Home” systems.In one case, PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be distributed throughoutthe same household as the NMDs 512, 514, and 516. Further, as suggestedabove, one or more of PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be one or more ofNMDs 512, 514, and 516.

The NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be part of a local area network, and thecommunication path 542 may include an access point that links the localarea network of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516 to the computing device 504over a WAN (communication path not shown). Likewise, each of the NMDs512, 514, and 516 may communicate with each other via such an accesspoint.

Similarly, CR 522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may be part of a localarea network and/or a local playback network as discussed in previoussections, and the communication path 544 may include an access pointthat links the local area network and/or local playback network of CR522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 to the computing device 506 over aWAN. As such, each of the CR 522 and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 mayalso communicate with each over such an access point.

In one example, a single access point may include communication paths542 and 544. In an example, each of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR 522,and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may access the cloud network 502 via thesame access point for a household.

As shown in FIG. 5, each of the NMDs 512, 514, and 516, CR 522, and PBDs532, 534, 536, and 538 may also directly communicate with one or more ofthe other devices via communication means 546. Communication means 546as described herein may involve one or more forms of communicationbetween the devices, according to one or more network protocols, overone or more types of networks, and/or may involve communication via oneor more other network devices. For instance, communication means 546 mayinclude one or more of for example, Bluetooth™ (IEEE 802.15), NFC,Wireless direct, and/or Proprietary wireless, among other possibilities.

In one example, CR 522 may communicate with NMD 512 over Bluetooth™, andcommunicate with PBD 534 over another local area network. In anotherexample, NMD 514 may communicate with CR 522 over another local areanetwork, and communicate with PBD 536 over Bluetooth. In a furtherexample, each of the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may communicate witheach other according to a spanning tree protocol over a local playbacknetwork, while each communicating with CR 522 over a local area network,different from the local playback network. Other examples are alsopossible.

In some cases, communication means between the NMDs 512, 514, and 516,CR 522, and PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538 may change depending on types ofcommunication between the devices, network conditions, and/or latencydemands. For instance, communication means 546 may be used when NMD 516is first introduced to the household with the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and538. In one case, the NMD 516 may transmit identification informationcorresponding to the NMD 516 to PBD 538 via NFC, and PBD 538 may inresponse, transmit local area network information to NMD 516 via NFC (orsome other form of communication). However, once NMD 516 has beenconfigured within the household, communication means between NMD 516 andPBD 538 may change. For instance, NMD 516 may subsequently communicatewith PBD 538 via communication path 542, the cloud network 502, andcommunication path 544. In another example, the NMDs and PBDs may nevercommunicate via local communications means 546. In a further example,the NMDs and PBDs may communicate primarily via local communicationsmeans 546. Other examples are also possible.

In an illustrative example, NMDs 512, 514, and 516 may be configured toreceive voice inputs to control PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538. Theavailable control commands may include any media playback systemcontrols previously discussed, such as playback volume control, playbacktransport controls, music source selection, and grouping, among otherpossibilities. In one instance, NMD 512 may receive a voice input tocontrol one or more of the PBDs 532, 534, 536, and 538. In response toreceiving the voice input, NMD 512 may transmit via communication path542, the voice input to computing device 504 for processing. In oneexample, the computing device 504 may convert the voice input to anequivalent text command, and parse the text command to identify acommand. Computing device 504 may then subsequently transmit the textcommand to the computing device 506. In another example, the computingdevice 504 may convert the voice input to an equivalent text command,and then subsequently transmit the text command to the computing device506. The computing device 506 may then parse the text command toidentify one or more playback commands.

For instance, if the text command is “Play ‘Track 1’ by ‘Artist 1’ from‘Streaming Service 1’ in ‘Zone 1’,” The computing device 506 mayidentify (i) a URL for “Track 1” by “Artist 1” available from “StreamingService 1,” and (ii) at least one playback device in “Zone 1.” In thisexample, the URL for “Track 1” by “Artist 1” from “Streaming Service 1”may be a URL pointing to computing device 508, and “Zone 1” may be thebonded zone 530. As such, upon identifying the URL and one or both ofPBDs 536 and 538, the computing device 506 may transmit viacommunication path 544 to one or both of PBDs 536 and 538, theidentified URL for playback. One or both of PBDs 536 and 538 mayresponsively retrieve audio content from the computing device 508according to the received URL, and begin playing “Track 1” by “Artist 1”from “Streaming Service 1.”

One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the above isjust one illustrative example, and that other implementations are alsopossible. In one case, operations performed by one or more of theplurality of devices 500, as described above, may be performed by one ormore other devices in the plurality of device 500. For instance, theconversion from voice input to the text command may be alternatively,partially, or wholly performed by another device or devices, such as NMD512, computing device 506, PBD 536, and/or PBD 538. Analogously, theidentification of the URL may be alternatively, partially, or whollyperformed by another device or devices, such as NMD 512, computingdevice 504, PBD 536, and/or PBD 538.

f. Example Network Microphone Device

FIG. 6 shows a function block diagram of an example network microphonedevice 600 that may be configured to be one or more of NMDs 512, 514,and 516 of FIG. 5. As shown, the network microphone device 600 includesa processor 602, memory 604, a microphone array 606, a network interface608, a user interface 610, software components 612, and speaker(s) 614.One having ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that other networkmicrophone device configurations and arrangements are also possible. Forinstance, network microphone devices may alternatively exclude thespeaker(s) 614 or have a single microphone instead of microphone array606.

The processor 602 may include one or more processors and/or controllers,which may take the form of a general or special-purpose processor orcontroller. For instance, the processing unit 602 may includemicroprocessors, microcontrollers, application-specific integratedcircuits, digital signal processors, and the like. The memory 604 may bedata storage that can be loaded with one or more of the softwarecomponents executable by the processor 602 to perform those functions.Accordingly, memory 604 may comprise one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage mediums, examples of which may includevolatile storage mediums such as random access memory, registers, cache,etc. and non-volatile storage mediums such as read-only memory, ahard-disk drive, a solid-state drive, flash memory, and/or anoptical-storage device, among other possibilities.

The microphone array 606 may be a plurality of microphones arranged todetect sound in the environment of the network microphone device 600.Microphone array 606 may include any type of microphone now known orlater developed such as a condenser microphone, electret condensermicrophone, or a dynamic microphone, among other possibilities. In oneexample, the microphone array may be arranged to detect audio from oneor more directions relative to the network microphone device. Themicrophone array 606 may be sensitive to a portion of a frequency range.In one example, a first subset of the microphone array 606 may besensitive to a first frequency range, while a second subset of themicrophone array may be sensitive to a second frequency range. Themicrophone array 606 may further be arranged to capture locationinformation of an audio source (e.g., voice, audible sound) and/or toassist in filtering background noise. Notably, in some embodiments themicrophone array may consist of only a single microphone, rather than aplurality of microphones.

The network interface 608 may be configured to facilitate wirelessand/or wired communication between various network devices, such as, inreference to FIG. 5, CR 522, PBDs 532- 538, computing device 504-508 incloud network 502, and other network microphone devices, among otherpossibilities. As such, network interface 608 may take any suitable formfor carrying out these functions, examples of which may include anEthernet interface, a serial bus interface (e.g., FireWire, USB 2.0,etc.), a chipset and antenna adapted to facilitate wirelesscommunication, and/or any other interface that provides for wired and/orwireless communication. In one example, the network interface 608 may bebased on an industry standard (e.g., infrared, radio, wired standardsincluding IEEE 802.3, wireless standards including IEEE 802.11a,802.11b, 802.11g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.15, 4G mobile communicationstandard, and so on).

The user interface 610 of the network microphone device 600 may beconfigured to facilitate user interactions with the network microphonedevice. In one example, the user interface 608 may include one or moreof physical buttons, graphical interfaces provided on touch sensitivescreen(s) and/or surface(s), among other possibilities, for a user todirectly provide input to the network microphone device 600. The userinterface 610 may further include one or more of lights and thespeaker(s) 614 to provide visual and/or audio feedback to a user. In oneexample, the network microphone device 600 may further be configured toplayback audio content via the speaker(s) 614.

III. Example System and Method to Provide Contextual InformationCorresponding to a Voice Command

In a household in which multiple NMDs are present, contextualizing voiceinputs received at a given NMD may enhance a user's experience. Receivedvoice inputs may be received by one or more NMDs and then processedlocally or remotely. In one example, a single NMD receives and processesvoice inputs (e.g., a particular NMD to which the voice inputs weredirected to, and/or the NMD possessing the highest fidelity recording ofthe voice input; e.g., “Alexa . . . ” or “Siri . . . ”). In anotherexample, multiple NMDs receive and relay the voice inputs for processingto another device or group of devices. The one or more NMDs that receiveand drive the actual voice processing are referred to herein as the“processing NMD(s).” Any one of NMDs 512-516, PBDs 532-538, CR 522, orcomputing device 504-508 may operate as a processing NMD.

In some embodiments, a processing NMD may be an NMD that has no zoneawareness. For example, the processing NMD may not be able determine theactual or relative location (e.g., living room, bedroom, corner of abedroom, etc) where a voice input or command was recorded. In suchembodiment, NMDs in the household other than the processing NMD(s) mayrecord, or otherwise be capable of recording, some aspect of a voiceinput and sending the recording to the processing NMD. The one or moreNMD(s) that are not necessarily processing NMD(s) but that nonethelessare capable of recording some aspect of the voice input are referred toherein as “contextual NMD(s).” As further described herein, contextualNMDs may provide contextual information indicating a characteristic of avoice input that may improve the voice input received by processingNMDs.

In other embodiments, a processing NMD may have at least some zoneawareness. According to this embodiment, the processing NMD may be amicrophone equipped device such as NMDs 512-516, PBDs 532-538, CR 522,or computing device 504-508. The processing NMD may be able to determinethe actual or relative location of where a voice input or command wasrecorded. Additionally, the processing NMD may be capable of receivingvoice data from contextual NMDs to further determine the actual orrelative location of where a voice input or command was recorded.Example scenarios are further described herein.

In some embodiments, a processing NMD may obtain some zone awareness orcontextual information based on its GPS, or WiFi connection. The GPS orWiFi connection may provide an indication to the processing NMD that auser is currently in the household. Accordingly, in response to acommand to play music out loud, the processing NMD may receivecontextual information corresponding to the zone(s) in which the voiceinput was recorded and play music in the particular zone(s) (rather thanrequiring a user to specify the zone location in the spoken command).

Generally, it should be understood that one or more functions describedherein may be performed by the processing NMD individually or incombination with the media playback system server or networkedmicrophone system server (e.g., computing devices that are part of thecloud network 502), PBDs 532-538, NMDs 512-516, CR 522, or any otherdevices described herein.

Example device operations may include operations to modify any of themedia playback system controls or playback settings. Playback settingsmay include, for example, playback volume, playback transport controls,music source selection, and grouping, among other possibilities. Otherdevice operations may include operations to adjust television control orplay settings, mobile phone device settings, or illumination devices,among other device operations that may be adjustable or controllable viaan NMD.

Implementation 700 shown in FIG. 7 presents an embodiment of exampletechniques described herein. Implementation 700 that can be implementedwithin an operating environment including or involving, for example, themedia playback system 100 of FIG. 1, one or more playback devices 200 ofFIG. 2, one or more control devices 300 of FIG. 3, the user interface ofFIG. 4, and/or the configuration shown in FIG. 5. Implementation 700 mayinclude one or more operations, functions, or actions as illustrated byone or more of blocks 702-708. Although the blocks are illustrated insequential order, these blocks may also be performed in parallel, and/orin a different order than those described herein. Also, the variousblocks may be combined into fewer blocks, divided into additionalblocks, and/or removed based upon the desired implementation.

In addition, for the implementation 700 and other processes and methodsdisclosed herein, the flowchart shows functionality and operation of onepossible implementation of some embodiments. In this regard, each blockmay represent a module, a segment, or a portion of program code, whichincludes one or more instructions executable by a processor forimplementing specific logical functions or steps in the process. Theprogram code may be stored on any type of computer readable medium, forexample, such as a storage device including a disk or hard drive. Thecomputer readable medium may include non-transitory computer readablemedium, for example, such as tangible, non-transitory computer-readablemedia that stores data for short periods of time like register memory,processor cache and Random Access Memory (RAM). The computer readablemedium may also include non-transitory media, such as secondary orpersistent long term storage, like read only memory (ROM), optical ormagnetic disks, compact-disc read only memory (CD-ROM), for example. Thecomputer readable media may also be any other volatile or non-volatilestorage systems. The computer readable medium may be considered acomputer readable storage medium, for example, or a tangible storagedevice. In addition, for the implementation 700 and other processes andmethods disclosed herein, each block in FIG. 7 may represent circuitrythat is wired to perform the specific logical functions in the process.

a. Receive Voice Data Indicating Voice Command

At block 702, implementation 700 involves receiving voice dataindicating a voice command. For instance, a processing NMD, such as NMD512, receives voice data. In some embodiments, the processing NMD mayreceive voice data via one or more microphones of the processing NMD.For example, a processing NMD located in or near the living room of ahousehold may record a voice input from a user located in the livingroom.

In some cases, the processing NMD may receive voice data via a networkinterface of the processing NMD, perhaps in addition to receiving voicedata via a microphone. For example, the processing NMD may communicateand receive voice data from the media playback system server, networkedmicrophone system server, PBDs 532-536, NMDs 512-516, CR 522, or anyother devices described herein. In some embodiments, the media playbacksystem server and/or networked microphone system server may becloud-based server systems (e.g., computing devices that are part of thecloud network 502). The processing NMD may receive voice data indicatinga voice command from any one or a combination of these devices and/orservers.

In some embodiments, the processing NMD may receive voice data from oneor more contextual NMDs and determine separate time-aligned recordingsof the voice data by respective NMDs. In other embodiments, thecomputing device 506, CR 522, or any other device or server describedherein may receive voice data from one or more contextual NMDs,determine separate time-aligned recordings of the voice data byrespective NMDs, and then send the time-aligned recordings to theprocessing NMD. Other examples involving the combination of devicesand/or systems described herein are possible.

In some implementations, one or more contextual NMDs may continuouslysend voice data to the computing device 506, CR 522, or any other deviceor server described herein. In some embodiments, the voice data may beavailable locally for the processing NMD to receive voice data. In otherembodiments, the voice data may be available remotely via one or moreservers described herein.

In other implementations, one or more contextual NMDs may continuouslyrecord ambient noise but might only provide its recording to aprocessing NMD if the given NMD (1) itself is woken up by a “wake-upword” (e.g., “hey Sonos”, “Siri”, “Alexa”, or other voice input), or (2)receives an instruction from another NMD (contextual or processing NMD),device, or system to provide the recording to the processing NMD. Insuch instances, the voice data following the wake-up word may beprovided to the processing NMD via the one or more contextual NMDs. Insome embodiments, the one or more contextual NMDs may continuously sendvoice data following the wake-up word while voice recordings are madevia respective microphones of the one or more contextual NMDs. In otherembodiments, the one or more contextual NMDs may continuously send voicedata following the wake-up word until the one or more contextual NMDsreceive instructions from another device or server to stop recording orsending voice data to the processing NMD. Alternatively, the one or morecontextual NMDs may provide voice data of a specific duration of time(e.g., the next 10 seconds of voice data following the wake-up word) tothe processing NMD.

b. Receive Contextual Information Indicating Characteristic of VoiceCommand

At block 704, implementation 700 involves receiving contextualinformation indicating a characteristic of the voice command. Forinstance, the processing NMD may receive, via a network interface fromanother NMD, contextual information indicating a characteristic of thevoice command. A characteristic of the voice command may include, forexample, the actual location of where the voice command was recorded(e.g., the location of the NMD that is recording the voice input), orthe volume level (e.g., relative magnitude) of the voice command asperceived by the NMD, which the processing NMD may then use to infer arelative location. The processing NMD may receive such contextualinformation via a network interface from any one or a combination of thedevices and/or servers described herein.

As noted above, contextual information indicating a characteristic ofthe voice command may facilitate locating a user or a particular devicewithin a household, so as to supplement the voice data recorded by aprocessing NMD. Benefits of providing contextual information to aprocessing NMD may be particularly noticeable for processing NMDs thathave no zone awareness. By way of example, one or more contextual NMDslocated in various living spaces of a household may record a voice inputor command to turn off the lights (e.g., “turn off the lights in here”).The processing NMD individually might not know which lights in thehousehold to turn off based on the recorded voice input. One or morecontextual NMDs, however, may determine the actual or relative locationof where the voice input was recorded, and send contextual informationto the processing NMD to assist in determining which lights in ahousehold to turn off.

In some embodiments, a contextual NMD may provide contextual informationto a processing NMD that has some zone awareness. One or more contextualNMDs may locally or remotely (via another device or server describedherein) store a look-up table that provides additional contextualinformation associated with a specific room or zone. One or morecontextual NMDs may share the look-up table with other devices orservers via a network interface. The information in the look-up tablemay include specific words or commands that correspond to a specificroom, zone, playback device, or any other device coupled to the mediaplayback system via a network interface. In some implementations, one ormore contextual NMDs (and/or one or more combinations of devices orservers described herein) may create a look-up table. Additionally, oneor more contextual NMDs may modify, add, or subtract specific words orcommands in a look-up table.

Within examples, a user may speak a particular voice command (e.g.,“turn off the lights in District 12”) that might not provide sufficientcontext for a processing NMD to perform the particular device operationassociated with the voice command. One or more contextual NMDs thatrecorded the voice command may look-up which room or zone the voicecommand (e.g., “District 12”) is associated with, determine that it isassociated with a particular room and/or zone, and provide suchcontextual information to the processing NMD.

In some embodiments, a contextual NMD may have multiple microphones torecord voice inputs or commands. Utilizing the recordings from multiplemicrophones, the processing NMD may determine a relative location of thevoice command based on the relative magnitude of the respectiverecordings and a direction in which the voice input was received.Additionally or alternatively, any one of or a combination of thedevices or servers described herein may determine the location of thevoice command and send data indicative of the location to the processingNMD via the network interface.

The characteristic of the voice command may include data indicating theplayback zone that corresponds to the actual or relative location inwhich the voice command was received. For example, the voice command maybe a command to play music in a particular room of a household (e.g.,“let's get some music going in here”). The voice command may be recordedby one or more contextual NMDs located in or near the particular room.In some cases, each NMD may be associated with a playback zone of ahousehold (e.g., living room, kitchen, bedroom). The one or morecontextual NMDs may provide the processing NMD with contextualinformation indicating the playback zone that corresponds to the actualor relative location in which the voice command was received. Forexample, the processing NMD may receive a message indicating that avoice command or input was received from another processing NMD in theliving room. In another example, a processing NMD may receive a messageindicating that a voice command or input was received from a contextualNMD in the bedroom near the living room at a particular volume level.One or more other contextual NMDs in proximity may also record andprovide the processing NMD with contextual information indicating aplayback zone.

In another aspect, the contextual information indicating thecharacteristic of the voice command may vary in level of specificity.For example, multiple NMDs (contextual or processing NMDs) proximate toa user may record voice inputs from the user located in the kitchen. Therecordings may be sent to a processing NMD and/or any one or acombination of the devices or servers described herein to determine theactual or relative location of where the voice command or input wasreceived. In one example, a processing NMD may receive an indication ormessage indicating that the voice command or input received was dominantin a particular living space (e.g., kitchen). In another example, aprocessing NMD may receive an indication that the voice input receivedwas split (equally, or to some extent) between two contextual NMDs indifferent living spaces proximate to the user (e.g., the kitchen and theliving room). The processing NMD may use such indication to, forexample, group playback devices in the different living spaces as a zonescene and play back music within the zone scene. In yet another example,a processing NMD may receive an indication that the voice input receivedwas in a particular zone scene or floor of a house (e.g., first floor).

In a further example, three or more NMDs may triangulate a specificlocation of the voice input or user based on relative magnitudes ofvoice input recorded at each respective NMD. The processing NMD may thenreceive an indication indicating that the voice command or inputreceived was from a particular area within a living space (e.g., cornerof a kitchen).

In some embodiments, the contextual information indicating thecharacteristic of the voice command may infer orientation or directionof the voice input or command relative to an NMD. The NMD as describedmay have multiple microphones to record the voice inputs or commands.The orientation or direction of the voice input or command may be ofparticular relevance in determining a device operation corresponding tothe voice input or command. For instance, the device operationcorresponding to the voice input or command (e.g., “turn off the lightsin front of me”) may be associated with the relative direction in whichthe user is facing.

In some examples, orientation or direction may be determined based onfrequency response of the voice inputs or commands. Generally, an NMDthat a user is facing while recording a voice input or command may havea larger high-frequency component than an NMD that the user is notfacing. In particular, the processing NMD or media playback systemserver (or any one or a combination of the devices or servers describedherein) with (1) knowledge of the frequency responses of the respectivemicrophones and (2) separate time-aligned recordings of the voice inputsby multiple NMDs may normalize the frequency response (e.g., 35 Hz-22.05kHz) of the respective recordings of the voice inputs with respect tothe low frequency band. For instance, the frequency response of thevoice inputs recorded from a contextual NMD may be normalized withanother contextual NMD with respect to the fundamental frequency bandfor human voice (e.g., 85-255 Hz). The high-frequency components of thenormalized responses of the voice inputs may then be compared todetermine the direction in which the user is facing while recording thevoice input.

In another example, orientation or direction may be determined by usingthe variance in the known polar responses of two or more microphones ofan NMD. The variance may help determine the angle of the user (or voiceinput) relative to an NMD, perpendicular to the plane of the two or moremicrophones. The angle of the user relative to an NMD may help moreprecisely locate the direction in which the user is facing whilerecording the voice input and may add an additional level of confidencethat the voice input was received from a certain direction ororientation. This may be accomplished by measuring the polar responsesof the voice inputs at each microphone simultaneously and matching thevariance with the known polar responses.

In other examples, the angle of the user relative to an NMD may bedetermined by measuring the delay across two or more microphones with aknown distance between them. Further examples may include visualimaging, measuring the relative magnitude across two or more microphonesor NMDs, Bluetooth proximity detection between an NMD and anothercomputing device, such as a mobile phone, or monitoring WiFi ReceivedSignal Strength Indication (RSSI) to detect user proximity and/orlocation.

c. Determine Device Operation Corresponding to Voice Command

At block 706, implementation 700 involves determining a device operationcorresponding to the voice command. Determining a device operation mayinclude the processing NMD identifying various groupings (e.g., bondedzones, playback zones, zone scenes among other examples) that correspondto the characteristic of the voice command, and determining that thevoice command corresponds to one or more particular devices that areassociated with the identified groupings. In some cases, the processingNMD may independently determine the device operation corresponding tothe voice command. Alternatively, any one or a combination of thedevices or servers described herein may determine the device operationcorresponding to the voice command. For example, a processing NMD (e.g.,NMD 512) may send a request to computing device 506 or contextual NMDsto determine the device operation corresponding to the voice command.

In some examples, identifying various groupings that correspond to thecharacteristic of the voice command may include the processing NMDsending a request for an indication of the bonded playback devicesand/or playback zone(s) that detected the voice command. The request maybe sent via the network interface from any one or a combination of thedevices and/or servers described herein. For example, each PBD may be ina particular zone, such as the living room, bathroom, or bedroom of ahousehold. The processing NMD may send a request to one or more of thePBDs (or contextual NMDs) to identify the playback zone and location ofthe each PBD that recorded the voice input or command. Alternatively,the processing NMD may send a request to computing device 506 which mayhave received the recorded voice inputs from the PBDs (or contextualNMDs) and determined time-aligned recordings for respective PBDs.

In some cases, the processing NMD may be an NMD that might not have anyzone awareness. The processing NMD may receive a voice input or commandto play music in a particular location (e.g., “play some music inhere”). The processing NMD may then send a request to the contextualNMDs (or PBDs configured as NMDs) that recorded the voice inputs. Thecontextual NMDs which are associated with a particular zone (e.g.,living room, kitchen) may then send contextual information indicatingthe zone in which the user recorded the voice input, so as to indicateto the processing NMD the location corresponding to “here.”

In other cases, the processing NMD has some zone awareness. In suchcases, the processing NMD may individually determine the particular zonein which the user recorded the voice input. Additionally, the processingNMD may send a request to other contextual NMDs that may have recordedthe voice input or command in other zones.

In some embodiments, determining that the voice command corresponds toone or more particular devices that are associated with the identifiedzone may further include determining that the voice command is aplayback command corresponding to one or more playback devices in theidentified zone. For example, the processing NMD may independently,concurrently, and/or sequentially determine that the recorded voiceinput is a voice command to play music in a particular location (e.g.,Siri, play some music in here). As described previously, the contextualNMDs may provide the missing contextual information corresponding to thezones in which the voice input was recorded or help supplement theprocessing NMD by providing contextual information corresponding toadditional zones in which the voice input was recorded.

In other embodiments, determining that the voice command corresponds toone or more particular devices that are associated with identified zonemay include determining that the voice command is a command to controlthe one or more particular devices. For example, the voice command maybe a command to turn off the lights in a particular location (e.g.,“turn off the lights”). The processing NMD may receive contextualinformation corresponding to the zone or location in which the voiceinput was recorded in order to determine which lights in a household toturn off. Other examples are possible.

d. Causing One or More Particular Devices to Perform Device Operation

At block 708, implementation 700 involves causing one or more particulardevices to perform the device operation. For example, the processing NMDmay receive a voice command to play music in a particular location(e.g., “play some music here”). After identifying the location or zonesin which the voice input was recorded, the processing NMD may cause oneor more playback devices in the location or zones to play music. Inparticular, after receiving contextual information from one or morecontextual NMDs (or PBDs configured as NMDs) that the voice input toplay music was recorded from the living room and kitchen, the processingNMD may cause the PBDs in the living room and kitchen to play music.

In another example, the processing NMD may receive a voice command toturn on the lights in a particular room (e.g., “turn on the lights”).After receiving contextual information indicating that the voice inputto turn on the lights was recorded in the bedroom, the processing NMDmay cause one or more illumination devices in the bedroom to turn on.

In some embodiments, after identifying all the zones in which the voiceinput was recorded, the processing NMD may cause one or more particulardevices in only some or one of the zones in which the recorded voiceinput was dominant (e.g., highest volume level). For example, theprocessing NMD may receive contextual information that the voice inputwas recorded from the kitchen, bedroom, and the living room. Theprocessing NMD may individually or in combination with other devices,such as computing device 506, may determine that the relative magnitudeof the recorded voice input was dominant in the living room.Accordingly, the processing NMD may cause one or more particular devices(e.g., illumination devices or PBDs 532-536) in the living room toperform the device operation corresponding to the voice command.

Any one or a combination of the devices or servers described herein maycause one or more particular device to perform the device operation,which as noted above may be facilitated by one or more networksconnecting the devices (e.g., connection means 546). For example, theprocessing NMD may send a request to computing device 506 (or anotherprocessing NMD) to determine a device operation corresponding to a voicecommand. The computing device may then determine the device operationand cause one or more particular devices to perform the deviceoperation. The computing device 506 may send the determined deviceoperation directly to the one or more particular devices (e.g., PBDs532-536) via the network interface. Alternatively, the computing device506 may send the determined device operation to one or more processingNMDs to cause one or more particular devices to perform the deviceoperation.

IV. Conclusion

The description above discloses, among other things, various examplesystems, methods, apparatus, and articles of manufacture including,among other components, firmware and/or software executed on hardware.It is understood that such examples are merely illustrative and shouldnot be considered as limiting. For example, it is contemplated that anyor all of the firmware, hardware, and/or software aspects or componentscan be embodied exclusively in hardware, exclusively in software,exclusively in firmware, or in any combination of hardware, software,and/or firmware. Accordingly, the examples provided are not the onlyway(s) to implement such systems, methods, apparatus, and/or articles ofmanufacture.

Additionally, references herein to “embodiment” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiment can be included in at least one example embodiment of aninvention. The appearances of this phrase in various places in thespecification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment,nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of otherembodiments. As such, the embodiments described herein, explicitly andimplicitly understood by one skilled in the art, can be combined withother embodiments.

The specification is presented largely in terms of illustrativeenvironments, systems, procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, andother symbolic representations that directly or indirectly resemble theoperations of data processing devices coupled to networks. These processdescriptions and representations are typically used by those skilled inthe art to most effectively convey the substance of their work to othersskilled in the art. Numerous specific details are set forth to provide athorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, it isunderstood to those skilled in the art that certain embodiments of thepresent disclosure can be practiced without certain, specific details.In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, andcircuitry have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarilyobscuring aspects of the embodiments. Accordingly, the scope of thepresent disclosure is defined by the appended claims rather than theforgoing description of embodiments.

When any of the appended claims are read to cover a purely softwareand/or firmware implementation, at least one of the elements in at leastone example is hereby expressly defined to include a tangible,non-transitory medium such as a memory, DVD, CD, Blu-ray, and so on,storing the software and/or firmware.

1. A method to be performed by a first network microphone device (NMD) associated with a first playback device, the method comprising: detecting, via one or more microphones, voice data representing a voice input; receiving, via a network interface from a second NMD associated with one or more second playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD; determining a playback operation corresponding to the voice input, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation; based on the determining, forming a synchrony group including the first playback device and the one or more second playback devices; and causing the synchrony group to carry out the determined playback operation, wherein carrying out the playback operation comprises the first playback device and the one or more second playback devices playing back audio content in synchrony.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the characteristics of the voice input comprise sound pressure levels of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, and wherein determining, based on the contextual data, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation comprises determining that the sound pressure levels indicate that the voice input was uttered in proximity to the second NMD.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, via the network interface from a third NMD associated with one or more third playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input further comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the third NMD, that the one or more third playback devices are not implicit targets of the playback operation, wherein the one or more third devices are excluded from the synchrony group based on the determining.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the first playback device comprises the first NMD, and wherein the method further comprises: playing back the audio content in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein a particular second playback device of the one or more second playback devices comprises the second NMD.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises determining that the voice input excludes explicit targets of the playback operation.
 7. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on data in the data storage, that the one or more second playback devices are associated with the second NMD.
 8. A first network microphone device (NMD) associated with a first playback device, the first NMD comprising: one or more microphones; a network interface; one or more processors; data storage having instructions stored therein, wherein the instructions, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the first playback device to perform functions comprising: detecting, via the one or more microphones, voice data representing a voice input; receiving, via the network interface from a second NMD associated with one or more second playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD; determining a playback operation corresponding to the voice input, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation; based on the determining, forming a synchrony group including the first playback device and the one or more second playback devices; and causing the synchrony group to carry out the determined playback operation, wherein carrying out the playback operation comprises the first playback device and the one or more second playback devices playing back audio content in synchrony.
 9. The first NMD of claim 8, wherein the characteristics of the voice input comprise sound pressure levels of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, and wherein determining, based on the contextual data, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation comprises determining that the sound pressure levels indicate that the voice input was uttered in proximity to the second NMD.
 10. The first NMD of claim 8, wherein the functions further comprise: receiving, via the network interface from a third NMD associated with one or more third playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input further comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the third NMD, that the one or more third playback devices are not implicit targets of the playback operation, wherein the one or more third devices are excluded from the synchrony group based on the determining.
 11. The first NMD of claim 8, wherein the first playback device comprises the first NMD, and wherein the functions further comprise: playing back the audio content in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices.
 12. The first NMD of claim 8, wherein a particular second playback device of the one or more second playback devices comprises the second NMD.
 13. The first NMD of claim 8, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises determining that the voice input excludes explicit targets of the playback operation.
 14. The method of claim 1, further comprising: determining, based on data in the data storage, that the one or more second playback devices are associated with the second NMD.
 15. A tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media having instructions encoded therein, wherein the instructions, when executed by one or more processors, cause a first network microphone device (NMD) to perform functions comprising detecting, via one or more microphones, voice data representing a voice input; receiving, via a network interface from a second NMD associated with one or more second playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD; determining a playback operation corresponding to the voice input, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation; based on the determining, forming a synchrony group including (i) a first playback device associated with the first NMD and the (ii) one or more second playback devices; and causing the synchrony group to carry out the determined playback operation, wherein carrying out the playback operation comprises the first playback device and the one or more second playback devices playing back audio content in synchrony.
 16. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the characteristics of the voice input comprise sound pressure levels of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, and wherein determining, based on the contextual data, that the one or more second playback devices are implicit targets of the playback operation comprises determining that the sound pressure levels indicate that the voice input was uttered in proximity to the second NMD.
 17. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the functions further comprise: receiving, via the network interface from a third NMD associated with one or more third playback devices, contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the second NMD, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input further comprises: determining, based on the contextual data indicating characteristics of the voice input as detected by one or more microphones of the third NMD, that the one or more third playback devices are not implicit targets of the playback operation, wherein the one or more third devices are excluded from the synchrony group based on the determining.
 18. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein the first playback device comprises the first NMD, and wherein the functions further comprise: playing back the audio content in synchrony with the one or more second playback devices.
 19. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein a particular second playback device of the one or more second playback devices comprises the second NMD.
 20. The tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable media of claim 15, wherein determining the playback operation corresponding to the voice input comprises determining that the voice input excludes explicit targets of the playback operation. 